精密機(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)作業是一種(zhong)用加工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)對工(gong)(gong)件的外形尺寸(cun)或者性能進(jin)行改變(bian)的過(guo)程(cheng)，按(an)被(bei)加工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)件處(chu)于(yu)的溫度狀(zhuang)態，在進(jin)行使用時可以分為冷加工(gong)(gong)和(he)熱加工(gong)(gong)。一般在常溫下加工(gong)(gong)，并且不引起工(gong)(gong)件的化學或物(wu)相變(bian)化，稱冷加工(gong)(gong)。

精(jing)密機(ji)械加工的(de)作(zuo)業流程：

1.光(guang)整加(jia)(jia)工：這個加(jia)(jia)工原(yuan)則(ze)大致就是一些(xie)打(da)磨(mo)拋光(guang)的加(jia)(jia)工，它通常是在產品(pin)全(quan)部完成架構之后(hou)進行的步驟。

2.先面(mian)后(hou)孔：在進(jin)行精密機(ji)械(xie)零件(jian)的(de)時候，對于支架這樣的(de)工件(jian)來說，它(ta)既(ji)要進(jin)行平面(mian)加(jia)(jia)工又要機(ji)械(xie)孔加(jia)(jia)工，為(wei)了加(jia)(jia)工出(chu)來的(de)孔的(de)精度誤(wu)差(cha)更小一些(xie)，先加(jia)(jia)工平面(mian)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)工孔有利于減小誤(wu)差(cha)。

3.劃(hua)(hua)分加工(gong)階段：產(chan)品在精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)機械零件的時候，根據(ju)不(bu)同的產(chan)品要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)進行不(bu)同程(cheng)度的加工(gong)，加工(gong)程(cheng)度需要(yao)進行劃(hua)(hua)分，如(ru)果對(dui)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)，那么進行一個(ge)簡單的粗(cu)加工(gong)階段就行了(le)。產(chan)品的進度要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)嚴(yan)格，后續就要(yao)進行半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加工(gong)和精(jing)(jing)(jing)加工(gong)階段。

4.基準(zhun)先(xian)行(xing)：在(zai)(zai)使用機(ji)械設(she)備對產(chan)品進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工的(de)時候(hou)，必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)確定(ding)一(yi)個基準(zhun)面，這樣在(zai)(zai)后(hou)續的(de)加(jia)工時候(hou)才(cai)能有一(yi)個定(ding)位(wei)參考，確定(ding)基準(zhun)面之后(hou)，然(ran)后(hou)就要(yao)(yao)先(xian)把(ba)基準(zhun)面加(jia)工出來。在(zai)(zai)精密(mi)機(ji)械零件中，會有不少的(de)工件并不是(shi)(shi)通過一(yi)次性的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)出來的(de)，而是(shi)(shi)當工件被生(sheng)產(chan)出來的(de)時候(hou)，它只(zhi)不過是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個大(da)致的(de)模型。

精密(mi)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業(ye)一般在高(gao)于或者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低于常溫狀(zhuang)態的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這樣就(jiu)會直接引起(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的化學(xue)或者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)相變化，被稱為熱加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。冷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式的差別可分為切削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)壓力加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。熱加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常見有熱處(chu)理，鍛造，鑄造和(he)焊(han)接。首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對材(cai)料硬(ying)(ying)度的要求，對有些(xie)場合來說，材(cai)料是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度越高(gao)越好，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)限于加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)件的硬(ying)(ying)度要求，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的材(cai)料不能太(tai)硬(ying)(ying)，如(ru)果(guo)比機(ji)(ji)件還硬(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)法加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的。